Abstract The aim of this study was to adapt and test the empathy questionnaire in Spanish adolescents (N = 701, age = 13.47 years). The study involved two different strands: (1) the questionnaire was translated into Spanish, and its internal consistency, factorial structure and convergent validity were assessed; (2) the questionnaire was subject to confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show that the questionnaire's factors present an aggregate variance of 58.588%, which suggests that the questionnaire is a valid tool to represent affective empathy, cognitive empathy and empathic concern. On the other hand, the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the sustainability of the model, which comprises three identified factors and twelve items. The empathy questionnaire is easy to understand and can be completed in a short time, so it is considered a useful tool to assess empathy in Spanish adolescents. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of empathy.

Abstract Internalizing problems (depression, anxiety, social anxiety, somatic complaints, post-traumatic symptoms, and obsession-compulsion) are very important in adolescents’ development. These problems can be related with people who lack social skills and poorly handle their emotions. This study assessed 1358 secondary education students (12-17 years) to analyze the relationship linking internalizing problems, emotional intelligence, and social skills. The results showed not only how these constructs were related, but how students’ internalizing problems varied according to their emotional intelligence and social skills. They also indicated that two in every three males, and just over one in every two females, obtained high scores for internalizing problems. The model showed a good fit: χ2(85) = 201.161 p <0.001; X2/g/ = 2.367; CFI = 0.919; NFI = 0.869; TLI = 0.900; RMSEA = 0.075, IC 95% (0.062-0.089). Finally, gender influenced the way that internalizing problems, emotional intelligence, and social skills were related, and an inverse relation appeared to link internalizing problems, emotional intelligence (r = - .77), and social skills (r = - .52) for females, while this relationship was poorer for males. By way of conclusion, we state that internalizing problems are related with emotional intelligence and social skills in secondary education students, but this relationship differs according to gender.

Resumen En el presente estudio, se evaluó a 652 estudiantes universitarios para analizar la relación entre el uso del humor, los afectos y su personalidad. Los resultados muestran cómo los hombres hacen un mayor uso del humor, tanto positivo como negativo, y presentan mayores niveles de impulsividad, actividad, sociabilidad y agresividad, no encontrándose diferencias en el manejo de los afectos. Las personas que muestran un mayor uso del humor positivo (afiliativo y automejora) también utilizan más los afectos positivos y muestran mayores niveles de actividad, sociabilidad e impulsividad. Por último, los resultados indican cómo tan solo 293 participantes (44,93 %) hacen un buen uso de los afectos, mayor uso de los estilos de humor positivo y presentan bajos niveles de ansiedad; 171 personas (26,22 %) muestran bajos niveles en los afectos y alto uso del humor afiliativo y agresivo como método de sociabilidad; y un grupo de 188 personas (28,83 %) tiene altos afectos negativos, bajo uso de los estilos de humor positivos y alta ansiedad y agresividad. Los datos proporcionan evidencia de la relación entre el sentido del humor, los afectos y la personalidad.

Abstract In the present study, 652 college students were evaluated to analyze the relationship between the use of humor, affect, and personality. The results showed that males made greater use of both positive and negative humor and had higher levels of impulsivity, activity, sociability, and aggressiveness. No differences between the sexes were found in the management of affect. People who showed greater use of positive humor (affiliative and self-enhancing), also showed more positive affect and higher levels of activity, sociability, and impulsivity. Finally, 293 participants (44.93 %) showed positive affect, increased positive mood, and low levels of anxiety; 171 people (26.22 °%) exhibited lower affect and high affiliative and aggressive use of humor as a method of sociability, and 188 people (28.83 °%) had highly negative affect, little exhibition of positive mood, and styles characterized by high anxiety and aggressiveness. The data provide evidence of the relationship between sense of humor, affect, and personality.

Resumo No presente estudo, avaliaram-se 652 estudantes universitários para analisar a relação entre o uso do humor, os afetos e sua personalidade. Os resultados mostram como os homens fazem um maior uso do humor, tanto positivo quanto negativo e apresentam maiores níveis de impulsividade, atividade, sociabilidade e agressividade, não se encontrando diferenças no manejo dos afetos. As pessoas que mostram um maior uso do humor positivo (afiliativo e auto-reforço), também utilizam mais os afetos positivos e mostram maiores níveis de atividade, sociabilidade e impulsividade. Por último, os resultados indicam como tão só 293 participantes (44,93 %) fazem um bom uso dos afetos, maior uso dos estilos de humor positivo e apresentam baixos níveis de ansiedade; 171 pessoas (26,22 %) mostram baixos níveis nos afetos e alto uso do humor afiliativo e agressivo, como método de sociabilidade; encontrando-se um grupo de 188 pessoas (28,83 %) com altos afetos negativos, sob uso dos estilos de humor positivos e alta ansiedade e agressividade. Os dados proporcionaram evidência da relação entre o sentido de humor, os afetos e a personalidade.

Resumen Uno de los problemas más graves a los que se enfrenta la sociedad actual resulta el consumo de drogas por parte de la población infantil y juvenil. La práctica deportiva puede actuar como factor de prevención del consumo; se la considera como uno de los hábitos más representativos de un estilo de vida saludable. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio es analizar la relación e influencia de la motivación hacia la práctica deportiva en el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y cannabis de adolescentes deportistas escolares. Los resultados desprenden influencias significativas de motivaciones intrínsecas, extrínsecas y falta de motivación en las diferentes prevalencias de consumo en unos patrones de comportamiento más o menos autodeterminados y adaptativos.

Abstract One of the most serious problems faced by our society is the use of drugs by young people. Sports practice can act as a preventive factor being one of the most representative habits of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the objective of the study is to analyze the relationship and influence of motivation towards sports practice in the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis of school sports adolescents. The results reveal significant influences of intrinsic, extrinsic motivations and lack of motivation in the different prevalence of consumption in more or less self-determined and adaptive behavior patterns.

Abstract Background Working memory capacity and fluent intelligence influence cognitive capacity as a predictive value of success. In line with this, one matter appears, that of mind wandering, which partly explains the variability in the results obtained from the subjects who do these tests. A recently developed measure to evaluate this phenomenon is the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ). Objective The objective of this work was to translate into Spanish the MWQ for its use with adolescents and to validate it and to analyze its relation with these values: self-esteem, dispositional mindfulness, satisfaction with life, happiness, and positive and negative affects. Methods A sample of 543 secondary students: 270 males (49.72%) and 273 females (50.28%) were used, who completed the questionnaire, and also did tests of self-esteem, dispositional mindfulness, satisfaction with life, happiness, and positive and negative effects. The transcultural adaptation process followed these steps: translation, back translation, evaluation of translations by a panel of judges, and testing the final version. Results Validity analyses were done of the construct (% explained variance = 52.1), and internal consistency was high (α = .766). The coefficients of correlation with the self-esteem, MASS, satisfaction with life, happiness, and affects scales confirmed the questionnaire’s validity, and a multiple regression analysis (R 2= 34.1; model F= 24.19. p< 0.001) was run. Conclusions The Spanish version of the questionnaire obtained good reliability coefficients and its factorial structure reliably replicated that obtained by the original measure. The results indicate that the Spanish version of the MWQ is a suitably valid measure to evaluate the mind-wandering phenomenon.